Effect of Catalyst Concentration at Elevated Temperatures

Sucrose and water were mixed in E-flasks in ratio liquid:solid 10:1. Temperature was kept constant by heating on a heating plate. Agitation was obtained from a magnetic stirrer. Temperatures investigated were 80° C. and 100° C. The catalyst loading (succinic acid added) corresponds to 0.5, 1, 3, and 5% by weight as in Example 1. Sucrose hydrolysis as a function of time for the different catalyst loadings at 80° C. and at 100° C. The data is shown in Tables 5 to 7. At higher temperatures the hydrolysis rate was greatly increased. At 80° C. acid concentrations above 1% resulted in almost complete hydrolysis after two hours. A concentration of 1% needed three hours to complete the hydrolysis and 0.5% was not finished until after six hours. At 100° C. the hydrolysis was completed in one hour for all acid concentrations. Hydrolysis products were formed in yields 95-100% based on the sucrose hydrolyzed with less degradation of fructose.

Sucrose and water are mixed in E-flasks in ratio liquid:solid 10:1. Temperature is kept constant at 60° C. in an oven equipped with a shake table. Succinic acid(cas:110-15-6) is added to the flasks to give concentrations of 1, 3, and 5% acid by weight. The data is shown in Tables 5 to 7. An increase in the catalyst loading increases the rate of hydrolysis significantly at low temperatures. Yields after ten (10) hours hydrolysis for glucose and fructose are summarized in Table 1. The yields are based on the amount of glucose or fructose formed divided by the amount of sucrose hydrolyzed. For glucose at higher acid concentrations some product degradation takes place. For fructose some degradation is evident at all acid concentrations.