Sucrose and water are mixed in E-flasks in ratio liquid:solid 10:1. Temperature is kept constant at 60° C. in an oven equipped with a shake table. Succinic acid is added to the flasks to give concentrations of 1, 3, and 5% acid by weight. The data is shown in Tables 5 to 7. An increase in the catalyst loading increases the rate of hydrolysis significantly at low temperatures. Yields after ten (10) hours hydrolysis for glucose and fructose are summarized in Table 1. The yields are based on the amount of glucose or fructose formed divided by the amount of sucrose hydrolyzed. For glucose at higher acid concentrations some product degradation takes place. For fructose some degradation is evident at all acid concentrations.

In electroless deposition, the invention includes a method of electroless deposition of copper upon a non-metallic surface receptive to the deposited copper including a step of contacting the non-metallic surface with an aqueous solution comprising a soluble copper salt and a polyamino di-succinic acid(cas:110-15-6) and plating baths appropriate for such use. Another aspect of the invention includes a method for removing iron oxide deposits from a surface including a step of contacting the deposits with a solution comprising an ammoniated polyamino disuccinic acid.

Persons of skill in the art understand that the invention is not limited necessarily to the embodiments specifically disclosed, but that, modifications and variations may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims or their equivalents, including other equivalent components presently known, or to be developed, which may be used within the scope of the present Invention. Therefore, unless changes otherwise depart from the scope of the invention, the changes should be construed as being included herei .