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A powerful anti oxidant that helps fight toxic free radicals and disruptions of the cardiac rhythm, succinic acid has been shown to stimulate neural system recovery and bolster the immune system, and helps compensate for energy drain in the body and brain, boosting awareness, concentration and reflexes, and reducing stress.
No deaths were found in any groups. Slight loose stool was observed in one and four males at 100 and 1,000 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, and one female at 1,000 mg/kg bw/day. Salivation was found in one male and one female at 1,000 mg/kg bw/day. There were no effects of this compound on the body weight, food consumption, hematology, or blood coagulation. The blood sodium levels were higher in males at 300 and 1,000 mg/kg bw/day. The blood urea nitrogen levels were increased in females at 1,000 mg/kg bw/day. Higher levels (300 mg/dL and higher) of urinary proteins were found in one and two of the five males at 300 and 1,000 mg/kg bw/day, respectively,whereas no animals with these high levels were found in the control and 100 mg/kg bw/day groups.These findings suggest adverse effects of this compound on the kidney. Increased weight of the adrenal gland was observed in males at 1,000 mg/kg bw/day. No compound-related effects on the histopathological findings were observed. Based on the higher levels of urinary protein in males and blood urea nitrogen in females, the NOAEL of disodium succinate hexahydrate for repeated dose toxicity was considered to be 100 mg/kg bw/day for male rats and 300 mg/kg bw/day for female rats.
When the plagues devastated Europe during the middle ages, amber was used for fumigation. Burning amber is both aromatic and irritating. And that is due to the high content of succinic acid in the smoke.The Prussian Priest Matthaus Praetorius recorded that in 1680, "During the plague not a single amberman from Gdansk, Klaipeda, Konigsberg or Liepaja died of the disease"
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